The problem context involves working with a database table named 'station' that contains a 'city' field. The task is to find all unique city names that start with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u).
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The solution approach uses the SQL 'select distinct' statement to retrieve unique city names. The 'where' clause filters the cities that start with a vowel. The first query uses the 'like' operator to match cities starting with each vowel. The second query, which is more efficient, uses the 'left' function to get the first character of the city name and checks if it's in the set of vowels.
select distinct(city) from station where
city like "a%" or
city like "e%" or
city like "i%" or
city like "o%" or
city like "u%";
# this works faster and better
select distinct city from station where left(city,1) in('a','e','i','o','u')
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